Developing a Dinan Exercise Therapy Model for Low Back Pain
Abstract
This study aims to produce a model of exercise therapy for low back pain, which is expected to be used by the community to restore low back pain. This study went through eight stages by adapting the research and development of Sugiyono model as follows: (1) information gathering in the field, (2) analysis of collected information, (3) initial product development, (4) expert validation and revision, (5) small scale and revised field trials, (6) large scale and revised field trials, (7) effectiveness testing, and (8) making final products. The small scale trials were conducted on six people and a large scale trial was conducted on 12 people using a minimum sample size formula at the Therapy Clinic of Injury at Yogyakarta State University Plaza. The instruments used to collect the data were expert validation sheets, questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale and midline to measure lumbar range of motion/lumbar flexibility. The results of the study are in the form of an exercise therapy model for low back pain consisting of 20 exercises therapy, 12 flexibility exercises and 8 muscle strengthening exercises, the flexibility exercises done in 4 sets, each held for 6 to15 seconds, and the type of muscle strengthening exercise in each movement being a combination of isometric and isotonic with repetitions of 6-12 repetitions, each end of the movement being held in 6 to10 seconds, for 3 sets, recovery between sets of 30 seconds to two minutes. Total duration about 20 to 30 minutes, frequency is 5x a week. The exercise therapy model can reduce pain levels by 37.357%, improve functional disability by decreasing the functional disability index by 28.684%, and increase lumbar flexibility with an average increase of 12.126%
Downloads
References
Agency for Clinical Innovation. (2008). Management of people with acute low back pain - Model of care. In La Revue du praticien (Vol. 58, Issue 3).
Alhowimel, A. S., Alodaibi, F., Alshehri, M. M., Alqahtani, B. A., Alotaibi, M., & Alenazi, A. M. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors associated with low back pain in the saudi adult community: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413288
Ambardini, R. L. (2006). Peran Latihan Fisik dalam ManajemenTerpadu Osteoartritis. Medikora, 2(1), 22–38.
Aoki, Y., Sugiura, S., Nakagawa, K., Nakajima, A., Takahashi, H., Ohtori, S., Takahashi, K., & Nishikawa, S. (2012). Evaluation of nonspecific low back pain using a new detailed visual analogue scale for patients in motion, standing, and sitting: characterizing nonspecific low back pain in elderly patients. Pain Research and Treatment, 2012, 01–04. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/680496
Bae, H. I., Kim, D. Y., & Sung, Y. H. (2017). Effects of a static stretch using a load on low back pain patients with shortened tensor fascia lata. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 13(2), 227–231. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1734910.455
Bag, L., & Qld, A. D. C. (2011). Managing a first or acute episode of low back pain. Spine, May, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006555.pub2.Hides
Burns, S. A., Cleland, J. A., Rivett, D. A., & Snodgrass, S. J. (2018). Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for low back pain targeting the low back only or low back plus hips: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 22(5), 424–430.
Chang, W.-D., Lin, H.-Y., & Lai, P.-T. (2015). Core strength training for patients with chronic low back pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(3), 619–622.
Cho, H., Kim, E., & Kim, J. (2009). Effects of the core exercise program on pain and active range of motion in patients with chronic low back pain. Journal Rehabilitation Medition, 41, 613–619.
Cho, H. Y., Kim, E. H., Kim, J., & Kim, E. H. (2014). Effects of the CORE exercise program on pain and active range of motion in patients with chronic low back pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(8), 1237–1240. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.1237
Choi, H.-K., Gwon, H., Kim, S.-R., Park, C.-S., & Cho, B.-J. (2016). Effects of active rehabilitation therapy on muscular back strength and subjective pain degree in chronic lower back pain patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(10), 2700–2702.
Chou, R. (2021). Low back pain. Annals of Internal Medicine, 174(8), ITC113–ITC128. https://doi.org/10.7326/AITC202108170
Citko, A., Górski, S., Marcinowicz, L., & Górska, A. (2018). Sedentary lifestyle and nonspecific low back pain in medical personnel in North-East Poland. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1965807
Dreisinger, T. E. (2014). Exercise in the management of chronic back pain. Ochsner Journal, 14(1), 101–107.
Frnklin, Kenosha, & Pleasant, P. (2022). On this page : Kenosha , WI WHAT CAUSES LOWER BACK PAIN ? (pp. 1–6).
Helmi, Z. (2012). Gangguan Muskuloskeletal. Salemba Medika.
Hlaing, S. S., Puntumetakul, R., Khine, E. E., & Boucaut, R. (2021). Effects of core stabilization exercise and strengthening exercise on proprioception, balance, muscle thickness and pain related outcomes in patients with subacute nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 22(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04858-6
Hoy, D., March, L., Brooks, P., Blyth, F., Woolf, A., Bain, C., Williams, G., Smith, E., Vos, T., & Barendregt, J. (2014). The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 73(6), 968–974.
Institute of Health Economics Alberta. (2019). What You Should Know About Acute Low Back Pain (Vol. 3, Issue 4, p. 1).
Kapetanovic, A., Jerkovic, S., & Avdic, D. (2016). Effect of core stabilization exercises on functional disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Journal of Health Sciences, 6(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2016.346
Keim, H. A., & Kirkaldy-Willis, W. H. (1987). Low back pain. Clinical Symposia, 39(6), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jphv.2021.002.01.4
Kim, T. H., Kim, E. H., & Cho, H. Y. (2015). The effects of the CORE programme on pain at rest, movement-induced and secondary pain, active range of motion, and proprioception in female office workers with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 29(7), 653–662. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215514552075
Kisner, & Colby. (2012). Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and Techniques (6th ed.). F. A. Davis Company.
Knapik, H., Szuszkiewicz, A., Mateja, S. D., Rzetecki, G., & Niewiadomska-Matuła, A. (2015). Flexibility measured by Fingertips-to-Floor test among groups practicing yoga, Brazilian jujitsu, tricking and tai chi in comparison to non-active group. Proceedings of the 1st World Congress on Health and Martial Arts in Interdisciplinary Approach, HMA, Poland, 135–138.
Lee, J.-S., & Kang, S.-J. (2016). The effects of strength exercise and walking on lumbar function, pain level, and body composition in chronic back pain patients. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 12(5), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1632650.325
Macedo, L. G., Hodges, P. W., Bostick, G., Hancock, M., Laberge, M., Hanna, S., Spadoni, G., Gross, A., & Schneider, J. (2021). Which Exercise for Low Back Pain? (WELBack) trial predicting response to exercise treatments for patients with low back pain: A validation randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042792
Malik, K. M., Beckerly, R., & Imani, F. (2018). Musculoskeletal disorders a universal source of pain and disability misunderstood and mismanaged: A critical analysis based on the U.S. model of care. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.5812/aapm.85532
Moraleida, F. R. J., Silva, J. P., Pereira, D. S., Dias, J. M. D., Dias, R. C., Ferreira, M. L., Hayden, J. A., & Pereira, L. S. M. (2016). Exercise therapy for older adults with low‐back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012140
National Institute Of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2021). Low Back Pain.
Oliveira, C. B., Maher, C. G., Pinto, R. Z., Traeger, A. C., Lin, C. W. C., Chenot, J. F., van Tulder, M., & Koes, B. W. (2018). Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview. European Spine Journal, 27(11), 2791–2803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-018-5673-2
Owen, P. J., Miller, C. T., Mundell, N. L., Verswijveren, S. J. J. M., Tagliaferri, S. D., Brisby, H., Bowe, S. J., & Belavy, D. L. (2020). Which specific modes of exercise training are most effective for treating low back pain? Network meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(21), 1279–1287. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100886
Pain, L. B. (2010). Your Guide to Managing Low Back Pain. Clinical Diabetes, 28(3), 130–131. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.28.3.130
Pakkir Mohamed, S. H., & Seyed, M. A. (2021). Low back pain: A comprehensive review on the diagnosis, treatment options, and the role of other contributing factors. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 347–359. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6877
Paolucci, T., Attanasi, C., Cecchini, W., Marazzi, A., Capobianco, S. V., & Santilli, V. (2019). Chronic low back pain and postural rehabilitation exercise: A literature review. Journal of Pain Research, 12, 95–107. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S171729
Pulposus, H. N. (2016). Low Back Pain Low Back Pain ( LBP ). Kesehatan Indonesia, 5(Sakit Pinggang), 2. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jphv.2021.002.01.4
Rainville, J., Hartigan, C., Martinez, E., Limke, J., Jouve, C., & Finno, M. (2004). Exercise as a treatment for chronic low back pain. Spine Journal, 4(1), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1529-9430(03)00174-8
Rajabi, R., Ahmadi Barati, A., & Farhadi, L. (2018). Effect of Core Stability Exercises at Home on Functional Ability and Chronic Low Back Pain (LBP) in Male Dentists. Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences, In Press(In Press). https://doi.org/10.5812/jcrps.86930
Şahin, N., Karahan, A. Y., & Albayrak, İ. (2018). Effectiveness of physical therapy and exercise on pain and functional status in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized-controlled trial. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 64(1), 52–58.
Searle, A., Spink, M., Ho, A., & Chuter, V. (2015). Exercise interventions for the treatment of chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Rehabilitation, 29(12), 1155–1167.
Shiri, R., Coggon, D., & Falah-Hassani, K. (2018). Exercise for the Prevention of Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(5), 1093–1101. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx337
Suh, J. H., Kim, H., Jung, G. P., Ko, J. Y., & Ryu, J. S. (2019). The effect of lumbar stabilization and walking exercises on chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine, 98(26), e16173. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016173
Wu, Z., Wang, Y., Ye, X., Chen, Z., Zhou, R., Ye, Z., Huang, J., Zhu, Y., Chen, G., & Xu, X. (2021). Myofascial Release for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 8(July), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.697986
Yasuda, M., & Daikuya. (2013). Trunk muscle strength in patient with low back pain. Journal of Orthopedic and Muscular System, 2(2), 1–2.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal MensSana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
